Pakeha have no culture
(Before I begin, the following percentages represent the different races in one of my tutorials for another course (FTVMS110: Advertising and Society) I took this semester. The class consists of about 9% Pacific Islander, 27% White New Zealanders and 63% Asian.)
One day in one of my other courses, we were discussing the impact the 2011 Rugby World Cup (RWC) opening ceremony had on each of us. When asked whether the opening ceremony was an accurate representation of New Zealand, the first to respond was the 27% followed the rest of the class. Most of the class, including myself – oh well, pretty much the entire class - responded that they felt the opening ceremony was or had “too much Maori” in it. After watching bits of the opening ceremony we analysed what different things were used to represent NZ? What were the key signifiers of NZ? Some of our responses to these questions included: volcanoes, Maori Heritage, Koru patterns, Hammerhead sharks, the choir, the drums, fireworks resembling a pohutukawa, the wakas, the sails, the little boy (a representation of white Europeans) and rugby legend Jonah Lomu. Then, I googled RWC 2011 Opening Ceremony to find out what were the details of the opening ceremony, and it came up with this: “For RWC 2011 the Opening Ceremony will showcase original New Zealand creative content and represent Maori and Pacific culture. As it is an international event, the ceremony must also be inclusive of all twenty Rugby World Cup nations, be relevant to the sport of Rugby and reflect the Rugby World Cup brand. The scale of such an event is huge and it is important that the concept range from the human to the monumental, captivating both the live and television audiences.” To relate it back to FTVMS210, perhaps the question I should be asking is what different things were used to represent Pakeha culture?
From the lecture, I agree with the concept that Pakeha have no culture. Avril Bell wrote, “The development of ethnic consciousness is often linked to the experience of being a cultural minority, and also as a focus for political mobilisation against oppression suffered as a minority. These are not the experiences of dominant groups who therefore do not so easily develop ethnic consciousness” (148). In other words, Pakeha have no culture because they lack the experience of a minority group and their sense of culture is so taken for granted. Furthermore, David Pearson argued that “Pakeha could be said to refer to an ethnic category (i.e. a group of people sharing identifiable characteristics), although not yet an ethnic community” (148).
The opening ceremony was an opportunity to showcase NZ at its best. One thing I remember from the lecture was that culture could be seen as a point of difference. In relation to the opening ceremony, it was Maori culture (and to some extent Pacific culture) that was on display through the aesthetics, costuming, song, etc. Ironically, according to Avril Bell, “Pakeha culture may be the national culture in terms of providing the pervasive, commonsense underpinnings for the ordering of social life, but Maori culture is the national culture when distinctiveness and ethnic exoticism is called for” (149). Despite Maori culture being the minority culture, it is often used to differentiate NZ from other countries.
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